Process Comes First

Erin O’Connor discusses protests against research on primates at UCLA and asks for academic bloggers to support the rights of researchers against the attacks of protesters.

I think that’s a fair request, and that you can express that support regardless of your feelings about research on animals. I personally tend to think that experimentation on animals could be a lot more constrained than it presently is, that the arguments for some forms of animal experimentation, especially on higher mammals, should probably have to be more compelling than they often are at present. However, this is where “processual liberalism” is my first commitment, for both ethical and pragmatic reasons.

There are a lot of ways that people who disagree with either specific programs of experimentation on animals or with the entire idea of animal research can potentially advance their political agenda. They can bring completely legitimate economic pressure to bear on UCLA or other institutions. Call for a boycott of UCLA unless it adopts far more stringent controls on animal research. They can make legitimate demands for far more transparency and monitoring in animal experimentation. They can press for all sorts of statutory limitations on animal experimentation, especially in California, which has a fairly open system for citizen-proposed legislation. They could call for far greater investment in simulation-driven experimentation, or new models for incorporation of human subjects in research designs.

At least some of those initiatives, pursued steadily and with an eye to building political coalitions, could lead to substantial changes in scholarly practice. But the folks attacking animal experimentation at UCLA are choosing to target the individual researchers by distributing their phone numbers, putting up pictures and addresses of their homes, intimidating their families, and so on instead. Not to mention leaving molotov cocktails at doors, breaking into buildings, setting fires and so on.

I don’t really give a shit what your cause is, that kind of action is not right, but it’s especially wrong for this cause–to show a depraved indifference to the personal lives and well-being of people because you’re allegedly upset about depraved indifference to the lives of animals. It’s a good way for animal-rights activists to lose potential political support, and evidence that groups involved in such action have no interest in building a broader political consensus for their views. It’s an anti-democratic arrogance born of unthoughtful righteousness. When you’ve got a host of political alternatives, you’ve got no excuse for putzing around with violence and intimidation.

This sort of action is also bad idea in purely pragmatic terms, as almost all attacks that ignore procedural liberalism are–because if you’re a very tiny, fractional minority and you abandon the protections of political process in your actions against others, you don’t have any way to complain when people do it to you. What’s to stop folks from publicizing the addresses of animal-rights advocates, suggesting that their kids be followed from school, making harassing calls to them at night, firing off denial-of-service attacks on their websites, and so on? The only security left, once you stop playing by the rules, is an assumption that your opponents are unlikely to stoop to your level to fight back against you. The political history of the last thirty years makes that last assumption look especially stupid: there is almost no tactic attempted by extremists on the left that hasn’t been mirrored and in some cases grotesequely improved upon by extremists on the right. Once you accept that it’s ok to put a molotov cocktail on someone’s doorstep because you disagree with them, you don’t have much to say about Timothy McVeigh except that he’s wrong and you’re right, he’s bad and you’re good–you can’t really say any longer that what he did was wrong, just that he did it in the wrong cause.

I’d rather stick to saying that it’s wrong to kill or hurt people just because you don’t like their point-of-view, or that it’s wrong to put pictures of people’s houses up on the web and invite people to come intimidate them and their families until they’re forced to concede to your view of things. What good is it to liberate animals if in doing so you put humans in cages?

Posted in Academia, Politics | 16 Comments

Getting the Cool Job

Right around September, a lot of last year’s graduates from liberal arts colleges are discovering that they appear to be qualified for approximately none of the jobs that they might actually want to have. There are exceptions: students who have graduated with very strong, specific technical competencies (usually science and engineering majors) tend to find that there are at least some interesting or financially rewarding jobs to be had.

There are also big companies that passed through last spring hiring graduating seniors into reasonably well-paid entry positions in sales, marketing, investment banking and so on. Those jobs aren’t probably particularly fun or intellectually engaging for a lot of the graduates who get them, but they can pay fairly well and often lead to more interesting opportunities in management and business.

But this is the point where a lot of graduates, particularly those with strong interests in the humanities, start to get restless and think that maybe going to graduate school in the coming year will give them some kind of definitive direction. I think my view on that subject is pretty well known.

The problem on the other side of things, though, is that just about every Cool Job that appeals to folks with interests in the humanities and social sciences seems completely impossible to obtain. When you quiz people you know who have Cool Jobs, they seem to have gotten them in ways that are utterly impossible to duplicate–they were in the right place at the right time, or had a good social/familial network, or had a mentor that they happened to click with. The stuff you see in the newspaper want ads, for the most part, is the Nasty Leftovers.

The bad news, and I’m not sure liberal arts institutions are always as forthright about saying this as they could be to their current undergraduates, is that the significant majority of immediately post-graduate employment experiences are going to suck. Dilbert’s office would be an improvement over quite a few of the ones I’ve heard about. I think my favorite job experience I’ve heard about in the last six years was the non-profit community group that paid $15,000 a year for a 55/hr week with no benefits or vacation time and was run by a near-psychotic incompetent. But there’s lots like that to go around. I do think we promise payoffs in the longer term from “critical thinking” and the like, so any student who’s listening carefully probably understands the implicit point being made when that’s said.

Thinking about people I know with Cool Jobs who are not academics, broadly speaking I can identify a couple of ways that they got there.

Route 1 to a Cool Job is applying to a Nasty Leftover job and then proving yourself with diligence and creativity to be a Cool Person and being promoted upwards to the stuff in the same workplace or organization that’s satisfying and interesting.

Route 2 to a Cool Job is going to graduate school but in a specific professional field, aimed at very specific technical proficiencies, skills and credentials, NOT a doctoral program aimed at becoming an academic. You’re looking for something that goes straight into a profession or field of employment outside of academia, preferably a program with a strong, proven track record of placing its graduates in employment. The shorter the program, the better.

Route 3 to a Cool Job is making a nuisance out of yourself in a way that feels very very difficult for a lot of folks (including myself)–basically exploiting your family and social networks, writing to strangers, showing up at lots of events and aggrandizing yourself in various ways, brownnosing if necessary, being gutsy and unafraid, jumping into strange situations without looking. The problem with this is not just that it is difficult to do, but that it takes a certain kind of personality and judicious ability to size up social situations to do it successfully. Somebody with the wrong personality or with a consistent inability to judge when and how the moment has arrived is going to do themselves way more harm than good following this strategy.

Route 4 is hanging out your own shingle in some fashion–if you’ve got a serious technical skill, some special area of knowledge, some ability to do creative writing, anything of that kind, you go into business or do consulting or sit down and write. Anything that either produces a concrete output (artwork, writing, programming, technology, a successful small business) or that serves as an effective entree to some larger institution by proving yourself is a good thing. That is, providing what you’re doing doesn’t suck–bad art, lame writing, or technically incompetent independent work isn’t going to help you any, and parasitic just-one-step-above-confidence-man kinds of consulting work may alienate rather than ingratiate. May require a significant other and/or parents you can sponge off of for a while.

Route 5 is basically paying lots and lots of dues, about ten to fifteen years of painfully bad or frustrating jobs where the next job is somewhat higher paying or more responsible than the last job, but not really a Cool Job or even a particularly good one–and then taking the accumulated reputational and professional capital from that and cashing it in to grab a Cool Job.

Posted in Academia, Miscellany | 15 Comments

Four Short Notes From My Media Morning

1. In daily reading of the Internet, you can forget just how many breathtakingly wonderful various small acts of creative generosity it offers. Most of them are also fragile and ephemeral: you have to be there. I was reading one of my favorite sites, Comics Curmudgeon, this morning, particularly for the continued coverage of the weird, entertaining current storyline in the comic strip Mary Worth, which features a stalker who looks like Captain Kangaroo trying to romantically pursue Mary Worth herself. And what do I find? This amazing poem written by a commenter using the name Uncle Lumpy. I know it sounds like I’m making too much out of this sort of thing, but I think taken as a whole, there’s a kind of collective imagination, wit, and spontaneity under the surface of all the dreck and dull-wittedness of Internet blabbery that is so precious to me, that seems one of the most wonderful if fragile beauties of 21st Century global civilization.

2) One of three comments on this morning’s Philadelphia Inquirer: Quakers are discussing (no doubt interminably) whether they need less discussion. As someone teaching at an institution with a Quaker heritage, I can only say, Gee, ya think? Seriously, this is the problem with consensus as an organizational commitment: it’s an endless license for busybodies, trivially-minded second-guessers, energy creatures and plotters to tangle up even the smallest decision or initiative in endless coils of process-discussion, where you debate the debate about the debate about debating. Even in a spiritual community, you need to put aside ordinary worldly matters and just let someone make a judicious decision.

3) Speaking of people who get entangled in endless second-guessing, I have some sympathy for the producers of Sesame Street who are dealing with a lot of sniping about their new girl muppet, Abby Cadabby. On the other hand, they pretty much invite some of that sniping when they talk about nine months of expert research, or about their characters as role models. If they concentrated more on creativity, imagination and entertainment and less on justifying themselves to every middle-class liberal parent with a sanctimonious view of television (let alone the Christian activists who complain that Abby is justifying black magic), they’d be a lot better off. That’s one of the reasons why PBS’ kids shows are a backwater when you compare them with the much more nimble, entertaining and yes, educational, offerings over at Noggin/Nickleodeon: PBS is much more captive to constituency politics and to its own long-developed and overdone claims about the value of its programming for children. That’s why they have to do things like make Cookie Monster eat fewer cookies (can the castration of Oscar the Grouch be far behind?) or fire a perfectly lovely program host because she once made a humorous video about sex toys.

4) STOP THE PRESSES! This morning’s Inquirer has an exclusive from Gail Shister. Aaron Brown will not, I repeat NOT, be attending any 9-11 films because it’s “too soon”. Coming tomorrow from Shister: a guy in Manayunk says he’s not going to any animated films this summer because he’s 34 and doesn’t have kids. On Thursday: a dude in South Philly says that some movies have too many naked people in them and what’s America coming to these days. On Friday, Shister talks to a guy in the video store who says that he thinks George Lucas is an asshole for not putting “Greedo shoots first” on the initial DVD release of Star Wars. Next week, maybe she can talk to more ex-media people about how it’s hanging and all that.

Posted in Miscellany, Popular Culture | 5 Comments

Good Quote, Bad Quote

Here’s a very lucid, clear description of repeated antagonism between intellectuals who identify as critical theorists and those who see their work in scientistic or positivistic terms.

Raymond Geuss, The Idea of a Critical Theory: Habermas and the Frankfurt School, 1981.

“Critical theories are particularly sensitive to the kind of philosophic error embodied in positivism. It is perfectly possible, the members of the Frankfurt School will claim, for persons with woefully mistaken epistemological views to produce, test, and use first-order theories in natural science, but this is not the case with critical theories. There is a close connection between having the right epistemology and ability to formulate, test and apply first-order theories which successsfully produce enlightenment and emancipation. For this reason positivism is no particular obstacle to the development of natural science, but is a serious threat to the main vehicles of human emancipation, critical theories. One basic goal of the Frankfurt School is the criticism of positivsm and the rehabilitation of ‘reflection’ as a category of valid knowledge.” p. 2.

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The Disciplinary Pie

Inside Higher Education has a story about a new book on the history of disciplines within the 20th Century university. The main argument, according to the IHE summary, is that the rise of the social sciences is the primary reason that the humanities have lost their former primacy within the university.

As one of the commenters on the story notes, this is not all that startling an argument considering that the time frame covered by the book is most of the 20th Century, the period of time in which the social sciences came into existence as distinct disciplines. It’s not that startling that their share of the disciplinary pie should have increased in between the time period where they didn’t really exist and the time period in which they did.

Looking at the brief breakdown provided in the IHE story, the specific humanities that have become less predominant between 1915 and 1995 also are not especially surprising, with classics and philosophy being the biggest losers. I think we already knew about that.

I’m still interested enough to want to go look at the book itself, partly because I suspect from the brief summary that the authors are overlooking something important about their source material. The IHE story says that they used the Commonwealth Universities Yearbook, and concluded that the picture it provides is applicable to the rest of the world. I’m sure the book itself must discuss whether or not it is for the United States, but I really wonder if it can be for the postwar era, when the U.S. university began to diverge in quite a few ways from the international scene.

I also wonder a bit about the argument that the shift to the social science is about their practicality and about the more “democratic” character of 20th Century knowledge. At least some of this is also about the rise of national bureaucracies, because the social sciences are their handmaiden. That’s one reason I think they’re right that there’s no difference in disciplinary distribution between developing nations and the developed world, because the social sciences have the same structural place in relation to the state and interstate institutions wherever you go, whether or not there is a democratic or autocratic system, whether or not there is an open civil society.

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Who Wants to Be a Superhero Update

I was enjoying this show, but last night’s episode was pretty bad. Since the whole show is strongly scripted, more than many other “reality programs”, it’s pretty inexcusable to eliminate a character because she once threw a shampoo bottle in a pool and jaywalked while delivering clothing to the homeless. They got confused about the source material, I think, and briefly decided it was, “Who Wants to be Inspector Javert?” or maybe even “Who Wants to be Jesus Christ?” Stan Lee, who is being set up by the show as the supreme authority on all things superheroic, ought to know that lot of his own characters have done things like break laws and been hypocritical at various points. Then there was the weird obsession with whether Major Victory taking off his cape indicated that he was still acting like a stripper. Come on, that’s just dumb. Putting down his cape for women to cross was a nice improvisational quote of an old genre staple by Major Victory: he should have gotten mad props for it.

For those of you not watching the show, I suppose it’s an interesting case of how to translate the conventions of a specific cultural genre into a popular entertainment that doesn’t set out to just appeal to fans of that genre. You have to take advantage of what a larger public “knows” about something like what a “superhero” is. But in this case, the larger public in question knows a decent amount about the genre: they’ve got at least three iconic touchstones, Superman, Batman and Spider-Man. Superman’s the Big Boy Scout that Stan Lee seems to be using as his instruction manual for superheroic virtues, but just about everybody knows enough about the other two points of reference to know that the concept of “superhero” has more capacity to it than that.

Posted in Popular Culture | 4 Comments

The Shape of the Gordian Knot: Assessment

I’m going to try and break down the coming Spellings Commision report in detail when the official final version is out, but by way of preparation, I’m interested in thinking creatively about the problem of assessment.

I agree that we really don’t think very rigorously, at all levels of higher education, about outcomes. Individual faculty may think a great deal about whether what they’re doing in the classroom “works”, but institutional conversations that make very divergent visions of outcomes mutually transparent are far less common.

Here’s what I’m worried about, though. The more pressure there is to create universal standards for outcomes, the more likely we are to see an invasion of experts peddling various tests, standards, metrics and regimes of documentation. I can only say that almost every bureaucratic system for measuring outcomes I’ve ever dealt with strikes me as nearly valueless. Such systems typically create a lot of work for individuals without creating useful, context-sensitive data that actually helps achieve some clearly defined goal.

Such systems also work to the advantage of small-minded power-hungry people who relish the opportunity to seize petty authorities over others, as well as create incentives for various kinds of data manipulation. Mandatory testing in public K-12 schools has led to all sorts of bad institutional behavior that is the very opposite of what such testing was meant to encourage. Another example: most academics have heard stories about various forms of data manipulation used to skew US News and World Report rankings.

So here’s what I’m thinking about: how could higher education be more sensitive to the question of outcomes in a way that would still be satisfyingly qualitative? How could you get a higher confidence about the difference between what your students know at the start of a semester and at the end of the semester, especially if you believe that part of what you’re teaching is “critical thought”? What are the instruments being used now that could be refined, improved or extended?

Posted in Academia | 7 Comments

Calling the LazyWeb

I’m looking for a good book or two (or even an article) on a somewhat complicated topic. What I’m curious about is the intellectual history of specifically British contemplations of constitutionalism or common law in the 19th and 20th Century. I know some of the classic “primary texts” to look at, but I’m just curious about whether anyone has studied a more dispersed, general British consciousness on these subjects in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, about how British intellectuals and the general public imagined constitutionalism and common law around that time.

I know, it’s a rather convoluted request. But I’d be grateful to anybody who’s got a direction to point me towards.

Posted in Miscellany | 11 Comments

Dangerously Beautiful Days

Weekends are weird once you have a house. A secondary labor regime takes over: there are weeds to kill, stumps to remove, bathtubs to re-caulk, closets to clean, bookshelves to make and so on.

A beautiful day like today is especially dangerous, as the yard calls insistently. I finally decided to split a huge pile of logs from a big oak branch that fell last year. I had chainsawed them into usable firewood-sized logs but I hadn’t gotten around to splitting them yet with a maul.

Splitting logs is kind of fun, actually, though I’m feeling the aftereffects now. On the other hand, stumping things is no fun. I finally took out a huge old stump I’d been meaning to take care of for a long time.

Hey, for anyone who is reading who is a reasonably skilled chainsaw user, by the way (not you, Michael Berube!) , any tips for when you’re dealing with smaller branches that have a tendency to move or roll while you’re chainsawing them down to firewood-splittable size? I’ve used old cinderblocks to try and restrain the branches, but it seems clumsy somehow. It feels kind of unsafe to use my right leg to clamp down on the branch while I cut, though the stance certainly amplifies the phallic imagery of the whole thing.

Posted in Domestic Life | 5 Comments

Major Victory or Fat Momma?

No, this isn’t about Lieberman.

I see Major Victory and Fat Momma in the final of Who Wants to Be a Superhero?. How about you? Just as long as it’s not Lemuria or Feedback.

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