{"id":1080,"date":"2018-09-11T15:44:08","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T19:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/?page_id=1080"},"modified":"2025-03-03T09:54:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T14:54:17","slug":"1080-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/?page_id=1080","title":{"rendered":"Nefertari&#8217;s Tomb: The Second Chamber"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Nefertari&#8217;s Tomb: The Second Chamber<\/h1>\n<p>On Osiris\u2019 \u201cGatekeepers\u201d<br \/>\nKnot-Glyph<br \/>\nUnderground Fashion; or, Topless Goddesses<br \/>\nQueen Nefertari Herself<br \/>\nHathor\u2019s Touch<\/p>\n<h2>On Osiris\u2019 \u201cGatekeepers\u201d<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1081\" style=\"width: 408px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/phoenix_falcon.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1081\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1081\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/phoenix_falcon.jpeg\" alt=\"Phoenix and Falcon\" width=\"398\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/phoenix_falcon.jpeg 398w, https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/phoenix_falcon-239x300.jpeg 239w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1081\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phoenix and Falcon<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In Nefertari&#8217;s tomb, resurrection glyphs live in comfortable company with death-glyphs. The Egyptian phoenix-bird, immortally rising from its own ashes, is depicted as a heron on the banks of the Nile, with an equally noble bird, the falcon, to its right.<\/p>\n<p>The draftsman\u2019s incised line is as sure, as perfect and heroic, as the bird\u2019s reconstitution from nothingness, raising stunning images out of a bare wall: [Right]<\/p>\n<p>One of Osiris&#8217; \u201cgatekeepers\u201d in Nefertari\u2019s tomb, a guardian figure where one room leads into another, looks just like a new-born baby, his or her (?) head still mis-shapen from his mother\u2019s labor [see below]:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1082\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/guardian.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1082\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1082\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/guardian.jpeg\" alt=\"Guardian Figure\" width=\"240\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/guardian.jpeg 240w, https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/guardian-174x300.jpeg 174w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1082\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guardian Figure<\/p><\/div>\n<p>What is this baby-figure holding? Knives? What would they signify? (Perhaps a reference to what cut the umbilical cord?)<\/p>\n<h2>Knot-Glyph<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1083\" style=\"width: 120px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/knot.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1083\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1083\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/knot.jpeg\" alt=\"Gnomic knot\" width=\"110\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/knot.jpeg 110w, https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/knot-92x300.jpeg 92w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1083\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gnomic knot<\/p><\/div>\n<p>While thinking about life-symbols, consider also this gnomic knot figure [to left, shown much enlarged].<\/p>\n<p>It may be combined with many other hieroglyphs to mean different things. When paired with a sun symbol, as it often is, it means \u201ceternal.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As if (perhaps) life itself were a twist in the thread of eternity, a convoluted inwardness and crossing that each time it occurs produces particular individuals, singular souls.<\/p>\n<p>This knot-glyph also has a hauntingly bipedal quality, like a human walking or standing upright. And of course it\u2019s not really a tight knot at all, only a little twisting:<\/p>\n<p>as if each of us were just a temporary configuration,<\/p>\n<p>a slip knot&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>And then there are the ironies, the new readings, inscribed by time\u2019s erasures. On one wall where the fresco has almost completely crumbled to dust only a small fragment remains, part of a cartouche and a wing image that were meant to depict protection.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1084\" style=\"width: 438px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fragment.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1084\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1084\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fragment.jpeg\" alt=\"Fragment\" width=\"428\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fragment.jpeg 428w, https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fragment-300x146.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1084\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fragment<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Underground Fashion; or, Topless Goddesses<\/h2>\n<p>Now let\u2019s brighten things up a bit, for Nefertari&#8217;s tomb definitely celebrates life, not just the afterlife. Let\u2019s talk fashion.<\/p>\n<p>One of Nefertari&#8217;s guardian-spirits, the goddess Neith, wears this stunning little number as she goes about her business helping Nefertari adjust to the new experience of being dead [to the left]. Nefertari\u2019s not sure how to handle herself, or where to turn or what to do as she starts her journey to the afterlife. Just as important: what should she wear? But Neith is there to help. And not just by standing around; Ms. Neith looks fabulous. Can anyone imagine a more elegant dress&#8212;and also a sexier one&#8212;than this one? Topless, it lets the goddess\u2019 heavenly breasts peek out amidst the shoulder straps.<\/p>\n<p>The pattern is pretty classy too. Close-up, below, we can see how the paint has worn after three thousand years: the marring of the paint is like fabric, fraying.<\/p>\n<p>There are some other great fashion moments in the tomb. A leopardskin ensemble, for instance, here shown in close-up, to the left:<\/p>\n<h2>Queen Nefertari Herself<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1089\" style=\"width: 340px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cloth.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1089\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1089\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cloth.jpeg\" alt=\"Gift of Fine Cloth\" width=\"330\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cloth.jpeg 330w, https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cloth-300x202.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1089\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gift of Fine Cloth<\/p><\/div>\n<p>And here is the first picture I will show you of Queen Nefertari [to right].\u00a0 She is bearing a gift of fine cloth to the gods. (When you journey to the afterlife and seek the gods\u2019 protection, it is always a good idea to bring some presents.)<\/p>\n<p>In this fresco, she brings her gifts to the god Ptah, the dark-skinned chief god of the city of Memphis also known as the maker of the male human body. (See Ptah\u2019s image in the section on skin tones in the Nefertari paintings, in the &#8220;First Chamber&#8221; section of the Tomb Tour. Ptah may be compared to the Yoruba god Ogun and the Greeks\u2019 Hephaestus [?].)<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a fascinating detail: Nefertari does not bring cloth itself to Ptah. She brings the hieroglyph for cloth&#8212;four of them. What is the meaning of such a gift? Note also Nefertari&#8217;s head-dress and eye-shadow, and her earring. Plus her erect posture, her pride in this moment.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m keeping the best secret still&#8212;what Nefertari is wearing. To find this out,<br \/>\nscroll down.<\/p>\n<h2>Hathor\u2019s Touch<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1090\" style=\"width: 307px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/hathor_nofretari.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1090\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1090\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/hathor_nofretari.jpeg\" alt=\"Hathor and Nefertari\" width=\"297\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/hathor_nofretari.jpeg 297w, https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/hathor_nofretari-206x300.jpeg 206w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1090\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hathor and Nefertari<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Neith is not the only Egyptian goddess who accompanies Nefertari on her journey to the afterlife. Two of the most important, Hathor and Isis, are often by her side, as shown in two of the climactic pictures in the tomb. This image features Hathor, goddess of the sky, the female counterpart of Osiris, god of the underworld. She was sometimes represented as a cow with a sun-disk held up between two horns&#8212;but here just the horns and sun-disk are emphasized. Hathor\u2019s figure is anything but bovine. Like Isis, she is associated with love, mirth, and joy. And she&#8217;s wearing another one of those great topless dresses!<br \/>\nHathor is on the left, embracing Nefertari, who wears a more discreet and proper&#8212;but still fine&#8212;white dress. Such a dress perhaps is more appropriate for the newly dead?<\/p>\n<p>Or is Hathor reaching out to touch Nefertari&#8217;s shoulder, maybe to adjust a little Nefertari&#8217;s rather imposing, wing\u00e8d headdress? Either way, this image radiates tenderness and friendship. Nefertari is now ready for her final crossing to the next world.<br \/>\nWould that we all could have such a tender guardian when we must cross over&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Go to the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/?page_id=1092\">Third &amp; Final Chamber<\/a><br \/>\nOr, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/?page_id=1059\">Return to Tour Guide<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nefertari&#8217;s Tomb: The Second Chamber On Osiris\u2019 \u201cGatekeepers\u201d Knot-Glyph Underground Fashion; or, Topless Goddesses Queen Nefertari Herself Hathor\u2019s Touch On Osiris\u2019 \u201cGatekeepers\u201d In Nefertari&#8217;s tomb, resurrection glyphs live in comfortable company with death-glyphs. The Egyptian phoenix-bird, immortally rising from its &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/?page_id=1080\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":1059,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1080"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1080"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1103,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1080\/revisions\/1103"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.swarthmore.edu\/pschmid1\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}